In order to be comfortable when outdoors our bodies should remain at a constant temperature level (ideally between 34-37 degrees C). If we are in the safe area, the brain will function with optimum performance. If the core temperature of our body (the trunk) falls outside of this area it may be potentially dangerous.

The main factors that can affect body temperature when outdoors are as follows:-

MOISTURE
EXTERNAL FACTORS (wind, rain and snow)
EXTREME CLIMATES

Overheating normally occurs in warm or hot weather when too much clothing is worn without adequate ventilation. The more our body temperature rises, the more we sweat. This sweat will leave a fine layer of moisture on the surface of the skin. When this occurs two things can happen:

• If the moisture is allowed to evaporate over a long period of time, dehydration can set in which may ultimately lead to exhaustion
• Perspiration will leave the skin and clothing damp and clammy, this is not only uncomfortable but can lead to rapid cooling of the body during periods of inactivity

When the body temperature starts to fall we will slow down. This can cause fatigue and it will increase the risk of strain injury due to the blood being moved away from our extremities (head, arms, legs, hands and feet) to the body core or trunk.

If the temperature is allowed to deteriorate further we will start to shiver. Although this generates some heat, it uses a great deal of energy and rapid tiring will soon follow. In extreme circumstances hypothermia can set in as a direct result of lost energy through shivering.